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Direction (1-5): In the following passage, some of the words are given in bold, each of which is preceded by a blank. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the bold word so as to make the paragraph meaningful. If no replacement is required, choose (E), as your answer.
As per data compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) in the report Crime in India 2020, about 5% of the cases under Section 498A were found to be false. About 9.4% were either non-cognizable or civil in nature or with insufficient evidence in the end. Similarly, about 12% of the cases under the SCs and STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Act were found to be false by the police, and about 7% were either non-cognizable or civil in nature or with ______ (Deficient) (A) evidence in the end.
Further, out of the 17,765 cases under Section 498A decided by the courts, 3,425 cases ended with a conviction. Out of the 8,138 cases under the SCs and STs (Prevention of Atrocities) Act decided by the courts, 3,588 cases ended with a _______ (Persuasion) (B). Although there are varied reasons for _______ (Clearing) (C), including a delay in lodging the FIR, witnesses turning hostile, compromise between the parties, lack of proper presentation by the prosecution and an appreciation of the evidence by the court, etc., the problem arises when a court concludes that a case is false.
Since the _______ (Albatross) (D) of arriving at the truthfulness of a case lies primarily with the investigating officer, it is their duty to investigate the case thoroughly and collect all the facts and circumstances fearlessly. This would ensure that false cases are closed in time and no innocent individuals have to suffer the _______ (Rigours) (E) of the law
1) Which of the following options will replace the word A?
A.Copious
B.Insufficient
C.Abundant
D.Sufficient
E.No replacement required
2) Which of the following options will replace the word B?
A.Tenet
B.Dogma
C.Misgiving
D.Conviction
E.No replacement required
3) Which of the following options will replace the word C?
A.Incrimination
B.Impeachment
C.Acquittal
D.Accusation
E.No correction required
4) Which of the following options will replace the word D?
A.Onus
B.Blame
C.Stigma
D.Shame
E.No correction required
5) Which of the following options will replace the word E?
A.Rigorous
B.Strict
C.Severe
D.Stern
E.No replacement required
Direction (6-10): In the following passage, some of the words are missing. Find the suitable word from the options given below that make the paragraph meaningful.
Coercive vaccination – which involves enforcing mandatory vaccination through physical force or ________ (A) and despite the beneficial effects of increasing vaccine uptake, there’s more of a consensus that this strategy should be avoided. Yet, according to Yaqiu Wang, a China researcher for Human Rights Watch, _______ (B) tactics including harassment and spying are being reported in some parts of China. This isn’t necessarily an official national policy, Wang explains. But the central government issues tough vaccination quotas for local governments, such as the September 2021 guidelines to vaccinate at least 90% of children in China. “This kind of central government quota/decree drives up vaccination rate, but sometimes this can result in coercive vaccinations at the local level,” says Wang.
Even in the absence of physical force, certain penalties for noncompliance with mandates can be ________ (C) – for instance, if substantial fees are levied on people who already find it hard to take the time off work or travel to vaccination sites. This was a bone of contention among silkworm growers in the 19th Century and remains an obstacle for some people who have not yet been vaccinated today.
With careful and judicious use, the benefit from using those mandates will ______ (D) the harms,” he says. Whether that is enough to convince the _______ (E), remains to be seen.
6) Which of the following options will come in blank (A)?
A.Menace
B.Intimidation
C.Emboldening
D.Compelling
E.Solace
7) Which of the following options will come in blank (B)?
A.Demanding
B.Discretionary
C.Obligatory
D.Coercive
E.peremptory
8) Which of the following options will come in blank (C)?
A.Counter productive
B.Counter instance
C.Counterforce
D.Counter violence
E.Counter plotting
9) Which of the following options will come in blank (D)?
A.Redress
B.Outbalance
C.Succumb
D.Outweigh
E.Dwarf
10) Which of the following options will come in blank (E)?
A.Agnostics
B.Audience
C.Misanthropists
D.Scoffers
E.Skeptics
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Answers :
1) Answer: B
“Deficient” is grammatically wrong here.
Options (A), (C) and (D) talk opposite to the context of the sentence.
“Copious” means large in quantity or number
“Abundant” means existing or available in large quantities; plentiful
Option (B) is both grammatically and contextually fill the blank.
2) Answer: D
‘Persuasion’ is contextually wrong. It means the action or process of persuading someone or of being persuaded to have a believe in something
Options (A) (B) and (C) all do not fit to the context of the sentence.
‘Tenet’ means a principle or belief
‘Dogma’ means a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
‘Misgiving’ means a feeling of doubt or apprehension about the outcome or consequences of something
‘Conviction’ means a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
3) Answer: C
‘Clearing’ does not support the context of the sentence.
Option (A), (B) and (D) talks opposite to the context of the sentence.
‘Incrimination’ means to be charged with the involvement in a crime where he/ she was incriminated in the conspiracy.
‘Impeachment’ means the action of calling into question the integrity or validity of something.
‘Accusation ‘ means a charge or claim of something that has done something illegal or wrong.
Option (C) ‘Acquittal’ supports the context of the sentence.
‘Acquittal’ means a judgment or verdict that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged.
4) Answer: A
Albatross’ is out of context. Albatross is a very large, chiefly white oceanic bird with long narrow wings. Found mainly in the southern oceans.
Options (B), (C) and (D) do not support the context of the sentence
‘Stigma’ means a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person.
Option (A) ‘Onus’ contextually and grammatically fit the blank. ‘Onus’ means something that is one’s duty or responsibility.
5) Answer: E
‘Rigorous’ means harsh and demanding conditions; Hardship
All other options do support the context of the sentence but are grammatically incorrect. We need nouns to fill the blank but in options all are adjectives.
6) Answer: B
From the Context we can understand that some kind of physical action is being taken to get vaccinated. Among the options only ‘intimidation’ and “Compelling” are supporting the context between these two ‘intimidations’ shows the intensity of the actions that are being taken to get vaccinated.
Meaning of “Intimidation” – to make timid or fearful: frighten
“Menace” – be a threat or possible danger to
“Emboldening” – give (someone) the courage or confidence to do something.
“Compelling” – Evoking interest, attention or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way
“Solace” – give comfort or consolation to
7) Answer: D
From the context we can understand that some tactics are reported in China which include harassment and spying. We can sense that a negative word will come in the blank. Among the options, only ‘Coercive’ supports the context of the sentence.
Meaning of “Coercive”- relating to or using force or threats
“Demanding”- (of a task) requiring much skill or effort
“Discretionary”- the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information
“Obligatory” – required by a legal, moral or other rule; compulsory
“Peremptory” – leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal
8) Answer: A
From the context we can understand that, even in the absence of physical actions, if some penalties are imposed it will give an opposite result. Among the options only ‘ Counterproductive’ supports the context
Meaning of “Counterproductive” – having the opposite of the desired effect
“Counter instance”- a case that contradicts a rule, theory etc.
“Counterforce” – a force that acts in opposition to another force
“Counter violence” – violence committed in retaliation for violence
“Counterplotting” – a plot designed to thwart an opponent’s plot
9) Answer: D
We can understand that careful and judicious use will provide more benefits rather than harms. Among the options only ‘outweigh’ supports the context
Meaning of “Outweigh” – be heavier, greater or significant than
“Redress”- remedy or set right (an undesirable or unfair situation)
“Outbalance” – be more valuable, importance or influential than
“Succumb” – fail to resist pressure, temptation or some other negative force
“Dwarf” – denoting something, that is much smaller than the usual size for its type or species
10) Answer: E
From the context we can understand that whether the careful or judicious method is satisfactory for doubters is yet to be seen. Among the options, only ‘Skeptics’ justifies the context.
Meaning of “Skeptics”- a person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions
“Agnostics” – a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God
“Misanthropists” – a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society
“Scoffers” – a person who mocks or makes fun of someone or something
Directions (11-15): Given below is a passage. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The Election Commission of India’s decision to restrict campaigning for the remaining two phases of the West Bengal Assembly election is an instance of wisdom inducing (A) late. Nevertheless, it will help limit the public health damage to what was already caused by an unreasonably extended election cycle in the State during the pandemic. After the Calcutta High Court sought an action taken report on what measures it had been (B) adopting in the context of the spreading pandemic, the Election Commission ordered the cancellation of all rallies and roadshows. Only meetings that are attended by not more than 500 people will be allowed now. In its order, the Election Commission noted “with anguish” that parties and candidates were not adhering to safety protocols. Daily campaign hours had already been cut and campaigning was to stop 72 hours prior to polling, instead of 48 hours, as per an earlier directive. A bit of prudent (C) would have been more helpful. The State is recording high numbers of infections. Bengal’s health infrastructure is not intimate (D) to deal with a heavy surge. All parties organized rallies amid the pandemic.
But parties other than the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have been calling for planning (E) the last phases together. In the face of the Election Commission’s refusal to do so, the Congress, the Trinamool Congress and the Left had discontinued big rallies. The Election Commission’s corrective measures at the last moment can only be of limited help. The lack of foresight while drawing up the schedule and monitoring the campaign bordered on complicity in the surge of new infections.
11) Which word will replace the word in (C)?
A.Hindsight
B.Careful
C.Foresight
D.introspection
E.No Improvement required
12) Which word will replace the word in (E)?
A.indulging
B.augmented
C.clubbing
D.indicting
E.No improvement required
13) Which word will replace the word in (A)?
A.leaving
B.fading
C.come up
D.dawning
E.No improvement required
14) Which word will replace the word in (B)?
A.is
B.has been
C.is being
D.was
E.No improvement required
15) Which word will replace the word in (D)?
A.feeble
B.unstable
C.fragile
D.robust
E.No improvement required
Directions (16-20): Given below is a passage. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Some elections are decided on key issues, some on the incumbent’s performance, and others on alliance _____ (A) ______ and local factors. The outcome of the Tamil Nadu Assembly election, in which the DMK emerged triumphant and its leader, M.K. Stalin, is set to be sworn in as Chief Minister, seems to be an unequal mix of all these. The DMK’s comeback was a (B) foregone conclusion after the alliance led by it scored a landslide victory in the 2019 LokSabha election, and a third successive term for the AIADMK was unlikely. Mr. Stalin has been rewarded for his patience. He has led the party successfully for the second time after the demise of M. Karunanidhi, his father and the party’s (C) tower figure for over four decades. The DMK rode mainly on a popular desire for change, to win 133 seats on its own, including some secured by allies who contested on the DMK symbol. The front ended up with 159 seats. The Congress’s performance is more impressive, as it won 18 of the 25 seats allotted to it. The two Left parties won two seats each, and the ViduthalaiChiruthaigalKatchi (VCK) won four seats, of which two were in the general category, showing that it (D) drew its appeal from a base wider than the Dalits it represents. ________ (E) _____ expectations that the Tamil Nadu voter would reject the idea of an alliance with the BJP, the AIADMK managed to win 66 seats, while five seats went to its ally, the PattaliMakkalKatchi (PMK); the BJP reenters the Assembly after 20 years with a tally of four.
16) Which of the following should fill the blank (A)?
A.Statistics
B.Science
C.Strategy
D.Arithmetic
E.None of the above
17) Which of the following is the same in meaning as ‘foregone’ in (B)?
I) Go without
II) Renounc
III) Parallel
A.Only I and III
B.All except I
C.All except III
D.All I, II and III
E.None of the options are valid
18) Which of the following must replace (C) to make it grammatically correct?
I) towers
II) towering
III) towered
A.All except II
B.Only II
C.All except II and III
D.Only II and III
E.None of the options are valid
19) Which of the following should replace (D) to make it grammatically and contextually correct?
I) drawn its appeal
II) draws its appeal
III) draw its appeal
A.Only I
B.Only II
C.Only III
D.Only I and III
E.None of the options are valid
20) Which of the following prepositions should fill the blank in (E)?
I) Despite
II) Besides
III) Amid
A.All except I
B.All expect III
C.All except II
D.All I, II and III
E.None of the options are valid
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Answers :
11) Answer: C
First of all, the highlighted word is preceded by the preposition ‘of’ and therefore a noun should come after it. As per the context, the author is suggesting something through this sentence. The highlighted word ‘prudent’ is an adjective and hence can be eliminated although it means ‘showing thought for the future.’ ‘Hindsight’ means realizing something after it has happened but as per the tone, this would mean the opposite. ‘Careful’ is again an adjective and irrelevant. ‘Introspection’, although is a noun, means examining one’s own mental process and is irrelevant. Foresight means the ability to predict what will happen or be needed in the future and is coherent with the tone of the author in this sentence. Hence, the valid option is (C).
12) Answer: C
Clearly, as the sentence goes, we need a present participle in the highlighted part of the sentence. In this sentence, from the word ‘together’, we can infer that the other parties want to combine the last two phases of election. The parties cannot plan to combine, rather they can only suggest the Election commission to do so. Hence ‘planning’ is irrelevant. ‘Indulging’ means ‘to be involved’ and hence is invalid. ‘Augment’ means to increase; moreover it is in past participle form and can be eliminated. ‘Indicting’ means to be charged with crime and irrelevant. ‘Clubbing’ means combining and hence is the most valid option.
13) Answer: D
Going through the meaning of this sentence, from the word ‘late’ we can infer that the decision of the election commission has come after a long time. Now, the highlighted word is preceded by wisdom which means knowledge or judgement. Wisdom is something which is not induced and therefore ‘inducing is eliminated. ‘Leaving’ and ‘fading’ are contradictory in meaning. ‘Dawning’ means to come into existence or become evident which is the most coherent meaning. ‘come up’ is synonymous with dawning but we need a participle form here. Hence, (D) is the most valid option.
14) Answer: D
Clearly, as per the context of this sentence, ‘the high court sought a report’ which is a past action. The report was asked from the commission on its action taken amidst pandemic which implies that the tense should be simple past. Therefore ‘was’ is the correct answer. Options A, B and C are suggesting present tense which is invalid as the report contains past actions of commission. Also, here we cannot put past perfect continuous tense and ‘had been’ is invalid.
15) Answer: D
As per the sentence, the highlighted word should be an adjective. From the sentence we can infer that the author is criticizing Bengal’s health infrastructure. The highlighted word precedes ‘not’ and therefore the word should be positive in meaning. ‘Intimate’ means close and hence irrelevant. ‘Feeble’, ‘unstable’ and ‘fragile’ are synonymous meaning weak which is negative in meaning and can be eliminated. ‘Robust’ means strong and vigorous and therefore the most valid option.
16) Answer: D
Since the passage talks about the election results, it is evident that the alliance the sentence talks about means the partnership between parties and that alliance is meant to yield votes in the results. That is the reason why arithmetic fits here. Alliance arithmetic means the way to increase the number of votes. Science is irrelevant. Statistics, though connected with the numbers, is also irrelevant because statistics is used to understand a pattern. Strategy might have worked had the alliance not before it.
17) Answer: C
The sentence in question has mentioned ‘The comeback of DMK….’. This means that since it already won the 2019 LokSabha election, it was not expected it would lose in assembly elections. So, it was a foregone conclusion.
18) Answer: B
We need an adjective or present participle in (C). Therefore towering is the correct choice.
19) Answer: B
The last part of the sentence is in simple present tense. Therefore according to parallelism, the bold part must be in the simple present and hence, II is correct.
20) Answer: C
Despite giving the sense of contrast which is valid because BJP winning 66 seats was not expected. Amid is also correct because it gives another sense that in an atmosphere where there was no expectations, BJP won 66 seats.
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