Daily Current Affairs April 05th 2025 | Latest News | Download PDF

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CURRENT AFFAIRS: BANKING & FINANCE

State Bank of India & Citi unveil $295 million social loan to empower local smallholder farmers in India

• State Bank of India (SBI) and Citi announced a $295 million social loan facility to support India’s smallholder farmers.
• The funds aim to improve financial stability and agricultural productivity for smallholder farmers.

Key Highlights :

• SBI will use the facility to finance its Kisan Credit Card (KCC) loan portfolio, addressing credit needs in the agricultural sector.
• Jayati Bansal (SBI, Dy Managing Director, International Banking Group) highlighted that the program would help farmers become more productive, create sustainable livelihoods, and strengthen rural economies.
• Smallholder farmers face economic and social challenges, with limited income and restricted access to credit, affecting long-term planning and growth.
• The facility aims to increase credit access, improve agricultural production, enhance income generation, and promote economic inclusion.
• SBI promotes financial inclusion, expands banking services, and enhances financial literacy through various initiatives.
• Citi has committed $1 trillion in sustainable finance by 2030, aiming to expand essential services for 15 million underserved households, including 10 million women.

Karnataka Vikas Gramin Bank (KVGB) Launches e-Bank Guarantee (e-BG) Services

• Karnataka Vikas Gramin Bank (KVGB), one of the leading rural banks in India, has officially introduced its e-Bank Guarantee (e-BG) services in collaboration with National E-Governance Services Limited (NESL).
• The initiative was launched by KVGB Chairman Shrikant M. Bhandiwad at an event.

A Milestone Achievement for KVGB

• Speaking on the occasion, Chairman Shrikant M. Bhandiwad highlighted that KVGB is the first Regional Rural Bank (RRB) among the 43 RRBs in the country to introduce this facility.
• The e-BG service utilizes e-signatures and e-stamps, significantly simplifying the bank guarantee process.
  • With this facility, guarantees can now be issued within minutes.
  • Beneficiaries can instantly access the e-BG on the NESL portal, eliminating the need for additional verification.
  • The initiative aims to enhance transparency and efficiency, particularly benefiting customers in semi-urban and rural areas.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: NATIONAL NEWS

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Visit to Thailand for the 6th BIMSTEC Summit

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Thailand, for a two-day visit to attend the 6th BIMSTEC Summit.
• The visit focuses on regional trade, connectivity, and economic collaboration among BIMSTEC nations.
• Additionally, PM Modi is scheduled to visit Sri Lanka after the summit to strengthen bilateral ties.

Key Highlights of the Visit

1. Arrival in Thailand

• PM Modi was welcomed at Don Mueang Airport, Bangkok, by Thailand’s Deputy PM & Transport Minister, Suriya Jungrungreangkit.
• The Sikh community greeted him with a traditional Bhangra performance.
• He emphasized the historical and cultural ties between India and Thailand.

2. Focus Areas of the Visit

• Strengthening trade & connectivity among BIMSTEC nations.
• Highlighting India’s North Eastern region as a key part of regional connectivity.
• Emphasizing cultural ties through shared history, philosophy, and spiritual traditions.

3. 6th BIMSTEC Summit

• PM Modi will engage with leaders from Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka.
• Discussions will focus on regional development, economic cooperation, and connectivity in the Bay of Bengal region.

4. Bilateral Meetings with Leaders

• Nepal: Meeting with PM P. Sharma Oli to discuss trade and regional cooperation.
• Bangladesh: Talks with Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus on strengthening economic ties.
• Myanmar: Engagement with Military Junta leader Min Aung Hlaing to discuss stability in the region.

5. Next Stop: Sri Lanka

• PM Modi will visit Sri Lanka after the BIMSTEC Summit.
• This will be his first visit since President Anura Kumara Dissanayake took office.
• The visit will focus on reviewing progress in bilateral relations since Ranil Wickremesinghe’s visit to India in December 2024.
• The theme of the visit is “Fostering Partnerships for a Shared Future.”

6. BIMSTEC & India’s North Eastern Region

• India’s Northeast is a strategic link in the BIMSTEC framework, playing a crucial role in trade and connectivity.
• The region is key to India’s Act East Policy, enhancing engagement with Southeast Asia.

RECENT NEWS

• In February 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Global Investors Summit 2025 in Bhopal, unveiling 18 new industrial policies aimed at transforming Madhya Pradesh into an investment hub.

Government to establish 728 Eklavya Model Residential Schools for tribal education

• The Union Government has taken a significant step towards ensuring quality education for tribal children by expanding the Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
• The plan includes establishing 440 new EMRS, covering tribal-dominated blocks with more than 50% ST population and at least 20,000 tribal individuals (as per the 2011 Census).
• This expansion aims to provide Navodaya Vidyalaya-level education to tribal students in their own environment.

Collaborative Initiatives to Enhance Learning

1. Digital Education

• Smart classrooms with digital boards in partnership with ERNET & MeitY.
• Online coaching for IIT-JEE & NEET in collaboration with PACE-IIT & Medical.

2. Skill Labs for Tribal Students

• 400 Skill Labs in 200 EMRSs in partnership with MoSDE (Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship).

3. National Scholarships for ST Students

• Pre-Matric & Post-Matric Scholarships from Class IX to higher education.
• National Scholarship & Fellowship Schemes for ST students pursuing graduate, post-graduate, M.Phil, and Ph.D. programs.

4. Financial Support for Competitive Exams

• Coverage of application fees for JEE, NEET, and CLAT for Class XII EMRS students, reducing the financial burden on families.

Indian Railways installs 2,249 solar power plants & expands renewable energy initiative

• Indian Railways has significantly expanded its solar energy capacity in line with the government’s renewable energy and sustainability goals.
• As of February 2025, the railway network has installed 209 MW of solar power across 2,249 railway stations and service buildings.
• This marks a 2.3 times increase in installations over the last five years.
• The initiative is primarily driven by Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and the Round The Clock (RTC) hybrid power model, integrating both solar and wind energy.

Key Highlights

1. Indian Railways’ Solar Expansion

• Total Installed Solar Capacity (as of Feb 2025): 209 MW
• Total Solar Installations: 2,249 railway stations & service buildings
• Growth Rate: 3 times increase in installations in the last five years
• Leading States: Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and West Bengal

2. Power Procurement Mode

• Round The Clock (RTC) Model: Hybrid use of solar & wind energy
• Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): Under the developer mode

4. Top Three States with the Most Installations

• Rajasthan – 275 installations
• Maharashtra – 270 installations
• West Bengal – 237 installations

State-Wise Breakdown of Solar Installations (2014-2025)

State	Total Installations	Before 2020	After 2020
Rajasthan	275	73	200
Maharashtra	270	43	213
West Bengal	237	12	222
Uttar Pradesh	204	78	93
Andhra Pradesh	198	33	126
Karnataka	146	86	60
Madhya Pradesh	134	49	74
Odisha	133	30	103
Gujarat	112	11	96
Telangana	95	35	60
Bihar	81	25	42
Assam	78	27	48
Tamil Nadu	73	42	31
Jharkhand	47	10	35
Haryana	36	9	23
Punjab	30	19	11
Uttarakhand	18	1	17
Himachal Pradesh	17	1	16
Tripura	16	15	1
Chhattisgarh	16	10	5
Kerala	13	12	1
Delhi	8	4	3
J&K	6	2	4
Nagaland	2	0	2
Meghalaya	1	0	1
Manipur	1	0	1
Chandigarh	1	0	1
Puducherry	1	1	0

6. Total Solar Installations Over Time

• 2014-15 to 2019-20: 628 installations
• 2020-21 to Feb 2025: 1,489 installations
• Total Installations: 2,249

RECENT NEWS

• On January 31, 2025, the Ministry of Railways launched the ‘SwaRail’ SuperApp, aiming to consolidate various railway services into a single, user-friendly platform.

Centre Withholds Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan Funds for Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal

• Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal have not received any funds under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) for the financial year 2024–25, despite having approved allocations.
• This was revealed by Minister of State for Education Jayant Choudhary in response to a Rajya Sabha question by CPI(M) MP John Brittas.

What is the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)?

• The Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the flagship school education scheme under the Ministry of Education aimed at improving school infrastructure, teacher training, textbook distribution, and student support services.

Integration of Three Key Schemes:

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) – Universal primary education
• Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) – Secondary school education
• Teacher Education (TE) – Training and professional development of educators

Zero Fund Disbursement Despite Approved Allocations

Despite having approved SSA funds for 2024–25, these three states have not received any amount from the central government:

State	Approved SSA Allocation (₹ Crore)	Funds Released (as of March 27, 2025)
Kerala	328.90	₹ 0
Tamil Nadu	2,151.60	₹ 0
West Bengal	1,745.80	₹ 0

Contrast with Overall SSA Disbursement

• Out of the total central SSA allocation of ₹ 45,830.21 crore for 36 States & UTs, ₹ 27,833.50 crore had been released to all other states except Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.

Centre-State Dispute Over Education Policies

• The withholding of SSA funds, particularly for Tamil Nadu, occurs amid ongoing policy conflicts between the Centre and the State Government.

Key Disagreements:

1. Three-Language Formula under the National Education Policy (NEP)
   • Tamil Nadu rejects the NEP’s three-language policy, continuing with its two-language system (Tamil & English).
2. PM-SHRI Schools Scheme (PM Schools for Rising India)
   • Tamil Nadu refused to sign the MoU for implementing the PM-SHRI scheme, though SSA and PM-SHRI are separate initiatives.

Geographical Indication Tag Comes as a Timely Boost to Warangal Chapata Chilli Farmers

• Chapata chilli from Warangal has received the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag, bringing global recognition to this unique variety.
• Known for its low pungency and unique red color, Chapata chilli is primarily cultivated in Thimmapur of the united Warangal district, Telangana.
• It contains oleoresin content ranging from 6.37% to 6.75%, making it suitable for high-end sweets, cosmetics, beverages, and medicines.
• The achievement is a result of efforts by the Thimmampet Mirchi Farmers’ Association, Jannareddy Venkata Reddy Horticulture Research Station, and Sri Konda Laxman Telangana Horticulture University.
• The journey began six years ago when 300 farmers formed a union, later joined by 200 more.
• The association applied for the GI tag in 2022 to the Indian Patent Office in Chennai, which was granted after nearly three years.
• Chapata chilli is in high demand in China, the UK, the USA, Germany, and other European markets due to its distinct qualities.
• Nearly 20,000 farmers in Warangal, Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Mulugu, and Hanamkonda districts are cultivating this variety across 6,738 acres.
• The GI tag will enhance market recognition and branding, boosting both local and international sales.
• The current market price of Chapata chilli is around ₹300 per kg, expected to rise to ₹450-₹500 per kg after the GI tag.
• The GI tag is anticipated to increase international demand and secure a sustainable future for farmers.

About Telangana:

• Capital: Hyderabad
• Governor: Jishnu Dev Varma
• Chief Minister: Anumula Revanth Reddy
• National Parks: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park, Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary, Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary, Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary

Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) announces big changes in claim settlement process

• In a significant move to enhance the Ease of Living for Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) members and improve the Ease of Doing Business for employers, the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has introduced two major reforms in its claim settlement process.

Key Highlights:

1. No More Requirement to Upload Cheque Leaf or Attested Bank Passbook

• EPF members no longer need to upload an image of a cheque leaf or an attested bank passbook when filing online claims.
• Initially launched as a pilot project for KYC-updated members, benefiting 1.7 crore EPF members since May 28, 2024.
• Now extended to all members, as bank account details are verified at the time of UAN seeding.
• This change will benefit 6 crore EPF members, reducing claim rejections caused by poor-quality or unreadable uploads and ensuring faster claim processing.

2. Employer Approval No Longer Needed for Bank Account Seeding with UAN

• Employer approval is now eliminated for bank account seeding with UAN, post-bank verification.
• Previously, employer approval via Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) or E-Sign was required, causing delays.
• In FY 2024-25, 1.3 crore members submitted bank account seeding requests.
• While banks take 3 days, employers took around 13 days, leading to pending approvals (14.95 lakh cases).
• Out of 7.74 crore contributing members, 4.83 crore have already seeded their bank accounts.
• This reform will instantly benefit 14.95 lakh pending requests, improving efficiency.
• Bank account updates will now be simpler, with verification through Aadhaar OTP authentication instead of employer approval.

About EPFO:

• EPFO: Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, India’s largest retirement fund body.
• Under: Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India.
• Key Purpose: Manages Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF), Pension (EPS), and Insurance (EDLI) for salaried employees.
• CEO: Ramesh Krishnamurthi
• Headquarters: New Delhi

Government Unveils Five-Pillar Strategy to Make Culture A Catalyst For Viksit Bharat

• In a move to embed India’s rich heritage into its development trajectory and elevate the cultural sector as a key driver of the Viksit Bharat (Developed India) vision, the government has introduced a five-pillar strategy.
• In a written reply to the Rajya Sabha, Union Minister for Culture and Tourism Gajendra Singh Shekhawat detailed the Ministry of Culture’s roadmap to transform India into a globally respected cultural powerhouse.

Five Strategic Pillars:

1. Preservation of 10,000+ Years of Heritage
   • Safeguarding historical sites, indigenous arts, and traditional practices.
   • Ensuring cultural continuity for future generations.
2. Democratizing Access and Participation
   • Making cultural experiences inclusive and participatory.
   • Encouraging citizens from all backgrounds to actively engage.
3. Leveraging Technology in Arts and Culture
   • Implementing virtual exhibitions, immersive experiences, and digital innovations.
   • Expanding the reach of Indian heritage while enhancing preservation methods.
4. Promoting the Cultural and Creative Economy
   • Supporting performing arts, crafts, fashion, and culinary heritage.
   • Strengthening cultural industries as engines of economic growth and job creation.
5. Positioning Bharat as a Global Cultural Power (Vishwabandhu)
   • Using culture as a diplomatic tool to strengthen global partnerships.
   • Elevating India’s standing in international cultural discourse.

Implementation Measures:

• Creation of a digital repository to document and promote tangible and intangible cultural assets.
• Establishment of 20 Kalagrams across India, inspired by Prayagraj’s Kalagram at Mahakumbh Mela 2025.
• Kalagrams will serve as cultural hubs for creative exchange, artisan support, and economic growth.

India Calls on BRICS to Boost Climate Cooperation, Mobilize $1.3 Trillion at 11th Environment Ministers’ Meeting

• India called for collective leadership to advance the 2030 Climate Agenda—a comprehensive set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by all UN member states in 2015, with a target completion date of 2030.
• At the 11th BRICS Environment Ministers’ Meeting in Brasília, Brazil, the Indian delegation, led by Amandeep Garg, Additional Secretary at the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), urged BRICS nations to strengthen climate financing mechanisms.

Key Highlights:

1. Strengthening Climate Finance Mechanisms

• India urged BRICS nations to enhance climate financing to meet sustainability commitments.
• Focus on the Baku to Belem Roadmap, which aims to secure $1.3 trillion in climate finance for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
• Criticized the proposed $300 billion per year by 2035 under the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance, stating it falls significantly short of the required target.

2. BRICS’ Role in Global Climate Policy

• BRICS accounts for 47% of the global population and 36% of world GDP (PPP), making it a crucial player in climate action.
• Advocated for equitable carbon budget utilization and a fair transition for developing countries to balance growth with climate goals.
• COP30 (hosted by Brazil) will be pivotal for advancing climate adaptation and resilience.

3. Energy Transition & Green Initiatives

• Reaffirmed the BRICS New Delhi Declaration (2021), which promotes a diversified energy mix (fossil fuels, nuclear, hydrogen, and renewables).
• Highlighted the Green Grids Initiative – One Sun, One World, One Grid, a major effort to integrate renewable energy globally.

4. Circular Economy & Sustainable Resource Use

• Promoted the Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy Industry Coalition (RECEIC), launched under India’s G20 Presidency, as a model for global cooperation.
• Advocated for a Just Transition, ensuring developing nations receive equitable access to finance, technology, and capacity-building.

5. BRICS’ Influence in Global Environmental Governance

• With BRICS expanding to 11 members, India emphasized its increased capacity to shape environmental policies.
• Called for joint action on desertification, air and water pollution, and biodiversity loss.
• Reaffirmed Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) as a guiding principle in climate diplomacy.

6. Strengthening International Climate Collaboration

• Cited key BRICS sustainability programs, including:
  • Partnership for Urban Environmental Sustainability
  • Clean Rivers Programme
  • Sustainable Urban Management
• Urged deeper cooperation on marine plastic pollution, air quality, and circular economy practices.

7. Conservation & Global Alliances

• Highlighted India’s International Big Cat Alliance for wildlife conservation.
• Encouraged BRICS nations to join global initiatives such as:
  • International Solar Alliance (ISA)
  • Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT)
  • Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA)

About BRICS:

• BRICS: Group of 5 emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa).
• Objective: Boost economic cooperation, trade, and global influence.
• New members: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, Indonesia.
• Key Initiatives:
  • New Development Bank (NDB) → Funds infrastructure projects.
  • Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) → Financial safety net for crises.
  • BRICS Business Council → Enhances trade & investment.
  • Annual BRICS Summit → Leaders discuss global policies.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: STATE NEWS

7 Bengal Products Receive Geographical Indications (GI) Tags; 35 Products Earn Badges of Authenticity

• The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry, under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has granted GI tags to seven products from West Bengal, recognizing their unique origin and qualities.
• The newly GI-tagged products from West Bengal are:

1. Nolen Gur Sandesh
2. Murshidabad Chhanabora
3. Bishnupur Motichur Laddu
4. Kamarpukur Sada Bonde
5. Malda Nistari Silk Yarn
6. Radhunipagal Rice
7. Baruipur Guava

• With these additions, the total number of GI-tagged products from Bengal has reached 35, the highest in the country.
• The Patent Information Center, under the West Bengal State Council of Science & Technology, provided historical records and documented production methods to establish the origins of these products.
• The GI tagging of Rosogolla in 2017, after a contentious battle with Odisha, was a major event that brought this process into the public spotlight.

Recent News:

• In March 2025, to enhance transparency and efficiency in police transfers, the West Bengal Police introduced a new mobile application. This app, integrated with the e-HRMS software, enables police personnel from constables to sub-inspectors to submit their transfer requests digitally.

About West Bengal:

• Chief Minister: Mamata Banerjee
• Governor: C. V. Ananda Bose
• Capital: Kolkata
• National Parks: Sundarbans National Park, Jaldapara National Park, Buxa National Park, Gorumara National Park, Neora Valley National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary, Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary, Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary, Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary

Bohag Bihu 2025: Celebrating Assam’s Vibrant Spring Festival and Assamese Culture and Traditions

• Bohag Bihu, also known as Rongali Bihu, marks the Assamese New Year and the onset of spring.
• It is one of Assam’s most significant festivals, celebrated with traditional dance, music, and Assamese cuisine.
• As the first of the three Bihu festivals (Bohag, Bhogali, and Kati Bihu), it symbolizes joy, prosperity, and new beginnings.
• In 2025, Bohag Bihu will be celebrated from April 14th to April 16th, filling Assam with festive joy and cultural vibrancy.
• This agrarian festival marks the Assamese New Year and the sowing season for farmers.
• It is a time for social gatherings, strengthening community bonds, and seeking blessings from elders by offering traditional gifts and sweets.

Traditional Rituals and Celebrations

• Goru Bihu (April 13th) – Dedicated to cattle, where farmers bathe their cows, decorate them, and apply turmeric.
• Manuh Bihu (April 14th) – Marks the New Year, with people wearing new clothes, seeking blessings, and exchanging sweets.
• Gosai Bihu (April 15th) – Focused on worship and seeking divine blessings for prosperity.
• Kutum Bihu, Senehi Bihu, and Mela Bihu – Celebrated with community feasts, fairs, and social gatherings.

Traditional Dance Forms of Bohag Bihu
Bohag Bihu is incomplete without lively dance and music. Some key dance forms include:

1. Rati Bihu – Performed at night in open fields with Bihu dance and songs (Bihunam) accompanied by dhol, pepa, gagana, and xutuli. Themes include romance, nature, and Assamese culture.
2. Jeng Bihu – An all-women’s dance, performed during the daytime with synchronized movements, singing, and instruments like gagana and xutuli.
3. Hunchari Bihu – Performed by groups of men visiting households, singing spiritual hymns and Bihu songs to bless homes.
4. Mukoli Bihu – A free-flowing, open-air Bihu dance, expressing happiness and joy without stage restrictions.

Recent News:

• In March 2025, the Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the development of a Brownfield Ammonia-Urea Complex (Namrup-IV) within Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited (BVFCL), Namrup, Assam.

About Assam:

• Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
• Governor: Lakshman Prasad Acharya
• Capital: Dispur
• National Parks: Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, Bura-Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary, Nameri Wildlife Sanctuary

CURRENT AFFAIRS: AWARDS AND HONOURS

Women’s Prize for Non-Fiction 2025 Shortlist Announced

• The Women’s Prize for Non-Fiction 2025 has revealed its shortlist of six books, showcasing diverse themes such as nature, identity, resilience, and memory.
• In only its second year, the prize continues to highlight powerful stories by women authors from around the world.

Women’s Prize for Non-Fiction 2025 Shortlist

1. Ocean’s Silent History: What the Wild Sea Can Be – Helen Scales

• Theme: Marine evolution, climate change, oceanic history
• Key Insights:
  • Examines the ocean’s evolutionary journey through a thumb-sized fossilized slate.
  • Explores past marine transformations and current climate threats.
  • Raises the question: Will ocean life endure the environmental crises?

2. Bond Beyond Species: Raising Hare – Chloe Dalton

• Theme: Human-animal relationships, coexistence with nature
• Key Insights:
  • Chronicles Dalton’s experience raising a baby hare (leveret) during the COVID-19 lockdown.
  • Explores the boundaries of domestication and the importance of letting wild animals remain wild.
  • Dalton reflects: “To domesticate is to alter the nature of an animal… For the hare, a better way is to coexist.”

3. A Life in Harmony and Disruption: A Thousand Threads – Neneh Cherry

• Theme: Music, identity, artistic rebellion
• Key Insights:
  • Memoir of musician Neneh Cherry, shaped by her multicultural upbringing.
  • Features a playlist of musical influences, from John Coltrane to ‘Buffalo Stance’.
  • Discusses fame, creativity, drug use, and resilience.

4. Generosity Beyond Life: The Story of A Heart – Rachel Clarke

• Theme: Organ donation, grief, medical ethics
• Key Insights:
  • Follows the life-changing story of Kiera and Max, two nine-year-olds connected by heart donation.
  • Describes organ donation as an “act of radical generosity”.
  • Explores themes of loss, hope, and the power of human compassion.

5. Women in Transition: Private Revolutions – Yuan Yang

• Theme: Gender and societal change in China
• Key Insights:
  • Documents the lives of four women navigating post-1990s China.
  • Examines gender roles, resilience, and identity in a modernizing society.
  • Provides a journalistic yet personal perspective on women’s evolving roles.

6. Remembering a Resistance Heroine: Agent Zo – Clare Mulley

• Theme: WWII history, female resistance fighters
• Key Insights:
  • Chronicles the life of Elżbieta Zawacka, a Polish WWII resistance fighter.
  • Highlights her role as a courier, soldier, and intelligence officer.
  • Showcases her heroic contributions against both Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

IDBI Capital Appointed as Consultant for BPCL Ankur Fund

• IDBI Capital Markets & Securities Ltd. (ICMS) has been appointed as the consultant for Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.’s (BPCL) flagship initiative, BPCL Ankur Fund.
• This fund is dedicated to investing in high-potential early-stage startups, particularly those operating in sectors aligned with BPCL’s core business areas, such as energy efficiency and city gas distribution (CGD).

Key Highlights:

• BPCL Ankur Fund builds upon BPCL’s commitment to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation through its “Ankur” initiative.
• Since its inception in 2016, the program has supported 30 startups with grant funding of approximately ₹28 crores.
• The fund now aims to provide equity investments of up to ₹5 crores per startup, with a maximum stake of 20%, to help them scale their solutions effectively.
• As a leading financial advisory firm, ICMS will play a pivotal role in evaluating startup proposals, conducting due diligence, and overseeing post-investment monitoring.
• The investment team, led by Amey Belorkar and Ananta Padmanabhan Sarma, is supported by Vikram Jain and Neville Rodrigues.
• Together, they will ensure that selected startups receive financial guidance and strategic support to drive innovation and growth.
• BPCL is inviting applications from startups for its “Emerge” cohort under two key themes: Energy Efficiency and City Gas Distribution (CGD).
• Startups should have developed a Proof of Concept (PoC), prototype, Minimum Viable Product (MVP), or fully implemented solutions within these areas.
• The deadline for applications is 10 April 2025.
• The Energy Efficiency theme focuses on technologies that optimize energy consumption, enhance sustainability, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Examples include AI-powered energy management systems, predictive maintenance tools, heat transfer optimization solutions, and waste heat recovery technologies.
• The City Gas Distribution (CGD) theme seeks innovative solutions that improve customer experience, operational efficiency, safety, last-mile connectivity, and project execution.
• This includes advancements such as smart metering systems, pipeline monitoring tools for leak detection, predictive maintenance software, and AI-driven project management systems.
• BPCL’s Ankur Fund represents a significant step in supporting India’s entrepreneurial ecosystem while aligning with the company’s broader sustainability goals.
• With its Maharatna status and commitment to becoming a Net Zero Energy Company by 2040, BPCL continues to integrate innovation into its strategy for a greener future.

Competition Commission of India Chief Ravneet Kaur given additional charge of National Financial Regulatory Authority chairperson

• The government has assigned Ravneet Kaur, chairperson of the Competition Commission of India (CCI), as the interim chairperson of the National Financial Regulatory Authority (NFRA) for three months starting April 1,2025.
• She will hold the position until a regular appointment is made or until further orders, as per the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
• The NFRA chairperson post became vacant after Ajay Bhushan Pandey completed his three-year term on March 31.
• Kaur, the fifth chairperson of CCI, has handled anticompetitive conduct cases across sectors like digital economy, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, media, and aviation.
• As NFRA chairperson, her focus will be on audit firms for listed companies.
• NFRA is currently dealing with legal challenges regarding the division of its review and disciplinary action-related functions.
• A Supreme Court interim order has allowed NFRA to continue investigations where audit quality review reports are not prepared and final orders are pending.

Shubhanshu Shukla set to become first Indian astronaut on International Space Station

• NASA and its international partners have confirmed the crew for Axiom Space’s fourth private astronaut mission (Ax-4) to the International Space Station (ISS).
• The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than spring 2025 from Florida.
• Shubhanshu Shukla will become the first astronaut from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to visit the ISS.
• The Ax-4 mission will be commanded by Peggy Whitson, a former NASA astronaut and director of human spaceflight at Axiom Space.
• Shubhanshu Shukla will serve as the pilot for the mission.
• The two mission specialists are:
  • Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski from Poland (ESA project astronaut).
  • Tibor Kapu from Hungary.

Key Highlights:

• Shukla’s Background
  • Born on October 10, 1985, in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
  • Studied at the National Defence Academy (NDA), Pune.
  • Joined the Indian Air Force (IAF) fighter wing in June 2006.
  • Promoted to Group Captain in March 2024.
  • Has over 2,000 hours of flight experience on aircraft like Su-30 MKI, MiG-21, MiG-29, Jaguar, Hawk, Dornier, and An-32.
  • Selected for astronaut training by ISRO in 2019.
  • Trained at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Moscow.
  • Chosen as the prime astronaut for ISRO’s Gaganyaan mission in February 2024 (India’s first human spaceflight program planned for 2026).
• Private Space Missions
  • The International Space Station has been a center for scientific research and technological advancements for over two decades.
  • NASA aims to create a commercial space economy in low Earth orbit as private space missions become more common.
  • This strategy allows NASA to focus on deep-space missions to the Moon and Mars, while private companies play a larger role in space exploration.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: ACQUISITION & MERGERS

UltraTech Cement to acquire Wonder WallCare for ₹235 crore

• UltraTech Cement is set to acquire 6.42 crore equity shares of ₹10 each.
• The transaction is expected to be completed within 90 days, subject to regulatory approvals and compliance.

Key Benefits of the Acquisition:

• Expands UltraTech’s white cement and wall putty business.
• Provides access to a state-of-the-art 6 lakh MT per annum manufacturing plant in Rajsamand – Nathdwara, Rajasthan.
• The plant is located near high-quality raw material reserves and UltraTech’s existing putty manufacturing facilities in Rajasthan.
• The facility, constructed in 2022-23, is one of the largest single-location putty manufacturing sites in India.
• Offers future expansion potential to scale up production capacity.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: RANKING AND INDEX

India Ranks 36th in Global Readiness for Frontier Technologies – UNCTAD Report 2025

• India has improved its global ranking to 36th out of 170 nations on the Readiness for Frontier Technologies Index, according to the 2025 Technology and Innovation Report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
• This marks a significant rise from 48th place in 2022.

Key Highlights of India’s Performance

1. India’s Rankings on Key Indicators

• Overall Rank: 36th (Improved from 48th in 2022)
• ICT Deployment: 99th
• Skills: 113th
• R&D Activity: 3rd
• Industrial Capacity: 10th
• Access to Finance: 70th

2. Developing Nations Outperforming in Tech Readiness

The report highlights that Brazil, China, India, and the Philippines are among developing nations excelling in technology preparedness, despite lower per capita GDP.

• China, Germany, India, UK, and the US lead in scientific strength in AI.
• India has made significant progress in human capital development due to improved schooling and high-skill employment.

3. AI and India’s Role in Global Investments

• US leads in AI private investment ($67 billion in 2023, 70% of global investment).
• India ranks 10th in AI private investment with $1.4 billion.
• China is 2nd, investing $7.8 billion.
• AI is projected to reach a $4.8 trillion market value by 2033.

Concerns:

• AI’s impact on jobs – up to 40% of global jobs could be affected.
• Potential rise in inequality due to AI-driven automation.

Opportunities:

• AI creates new industries and empowers workers.
• India’s AI initiatives focus on reskilling, upskilling, and workforce adaptation.

4. India’s AI and Cloud Infrastructure Leadership

• India ranks 2nd in GitHub developers (after the US).
• China and India have the largest AI talent pools –
  • India: 13 million developers
  • Brazil: 4 million developers
• India among top 10 nations in cloud infrastructure services.

Key Government Initiatives:

• India AI Mission (2024):
  • Strengthens AI innovation.
  • Reduces entry barriers in AI education.
  • Expands AI training in small and medium cities.

5. India’s Specialization in Frontier Technologies

• India leads in nanotechnology patents.
• Japan specializes in electric vehicles.
• Germany in wind energy, South Korea in 5G.

6. Role of Manufacturing in Economic Growth

• India, China, and Brazil are examples of successful industrialization.
• Manufacturing reduces poverty and drives economic growth.

About UNCTAD :

• Founded : 1964
• Headquarters : Geneva, Switzerland
• Secretary-General : Rebeca Grynspan

CURRENT AFFAIRS: OBITUARY

Veteran actor Manoj Kumar, known for ‘Purab Aur Paschim’ passed away at 87

• Veteran actor and director Manoj Kumar passed away at the age of 87 on April 4, 2025, at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital in Mumbai.
• Known for his patriotic films, Manoj Kumar earned the title of ‘Bharat Kumar’.
• He retired from acting in 1999, but his movies continue to inspire the youth.
• He was honored with several prestigious awards, including the National Film Award, the Padma Shri (1992), and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (2015), the highest recognition in Indian cinema.
• Some of his most iconic films include Shaheed, Upkar, Purab Aur Paschim, Roti Kapda Aur Makaan, and Kranti.
• His 1970 film Purab Aur Paschim, which contrasted Eastern and Western lifestyles, was a massive blockbuster both in India and overseas.
• Other notable releases from the same year were Yaadgaar, Pehchan, and Mera Naam Joker.
• Following his retirement from films, Manoj Kumar entered politics and officially joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) before the 2004 general elections.
• With a career spanning over 40 years, he remains an unforgettable figure in Indian cinema.

CURRENT AFFAIRS: IMPORTANT DAYS

National Maritime Day 2025: 5th April

• Every year, National Maritime Day in India is celebrated on the 5th of April.
• The World Maritime Day theme for 2025 “Our Ocean, Our Obligation, Our Opportunity”
• It is a day celebrated to show gratitude to the men who spend many months in the sea, carrying out the bulk of India’s trade and commerce at a global level.

History

• The legacy of Indian shipping first started on April 5th, 1919, when the first ship The SS Loyalty manufactured by The Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd. sailed from Mumbai to the United Kingdom.
• India also became a member of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in 1959.
• IMO is responsible for maritime protection and preventing pollution from ships.

Daily CA one Liner: April 5

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Thailand, for a two-day visit to attend the 6th BIMSTEC Summit.
• The Union Government has taken a significant step towards ensuring quality education for tribal children by expanding the Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
• Indian Railways has significantly expanded its solar energy capacity in line with the government’s renewable energy and sustainability goals.
• Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal have not received any funds under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) for the financial year 2024–25, despite having approved allocations.
• Chapata chilli from Warangal has received the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag, bringing global recognition to this unique variety.
• In a significant move to enhance the Ease of Living for Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) members and improve the Ease of Doing Business for employers, the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has introduced two major reforms in its claim settlement process
• In a move to embed India’s rich heritage into its development trajectory and elevate the cultural sector as a key driver of the Viksit Bharat (Developed India) vision, the government has introduced a five-pillar strategy
• India called for collective leadership to advance the 2030 Climate Agenda—a comprehensive set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by all UN member states in 2015, with a target completion date of 2030
• The Women’s Prize for Non-Fiction 2025 has revealed its shortlist of six books, showcasing diverse themes such as nature, identity, resilience, and memory.
• India has improved its global ranking to 36th out of 170 nations on the Readiness for Frontier Technologies Index, according to the 2025 Technology and Innovation Report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
• State Bank of India (SBI) and Citi announced a $295 million social loan facility to support India’s smallholder farmers.
• Karnataka Vikas Gramin Bank (KVGB), one of the leading rural banks in India, has officially introduced its e-Bank Guarantee (e-BG) services in collaboration with National E-Governance Services Limited (NESL).
• The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry, under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has granted GI tags to seven products from West Bengal, recognizing their unique origin and qualities.
• Bohag Bihu, also known as Rongali Bihu, marks the Assamese New Year and the onset of spring.
• IDBI Capital Markets & Securities Ltd. (ICMS) has been appointed as the consultant for Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.’s (BPCL) flagship initiative, BPCL Ankur Fund.
• The government has assigned Ravneet Kaur, chairperson of the Competition Commission of India (CCI), as the interim chairperson of the National Financial Regulatory Authority (NFRA) for three months starting April 1,2025.
• NASA and its international partners have confirmed the crew for Axiom Space’s fourth private astronaut mission (Ax-4) to the International Space Station (ISS).
• UltraTech Cement is set to acquire 6.42 crore equity shares of ₹10 each.
• Veteran actor and director Manoj Kumar passed away at the age of 87 on April 4, 2025, at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital in Mumbai.
• Every year, National Maritime Day in India is celebrated on the 5th of April.