Dear Friends, SBI Clerk 2018 Notification has been released we hope you all have started your preparation. Here we have started New Series of Practice Materials specially for SBI Clerk / IDBI Executive 2018. Aspirants those who are preparing for the exams can use this “20-20” English Questions.
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Directions (Q 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
A new chapter on the access to medication debate in India began when Shamnad Basheer filed a public interest litigation before the Delhi High Court. The petition pointed out the importance of “working requirements” in the Patents Act, 1970; the need to amend Form 27; and the lapses by patentees in furnishing information. The importance of Form 27 on the question of access to health cannot be underestimated. In essence, Form 27 seeks information to ensure that the patented material is adequately supplied in India. If the supply of the patented invention does not cater to the demands, statutorily the reasonable requirement of the public with regard to the patented invention is deemed as not met. This will be a ground to seek compulsory licensing of the product within India. The underlying rationale is to protect public health. Patent law grants to the patentees the privilege of enjoying a limited monopoly in order to achieve the objective of public benefit. Thus, the quid pro quo for getting patent monopoly is patent disclosure. As part of the disclosures, patentees are required to disclose if they are locally working their patented invention in exchange for the conferred benefits. Thus, Section 83 of the Patents Act states that “patents are granted to encourage inventions and to secure that the inventions are worked in India on a commercial scale and to the fullest extent that is reasonably practicable” and that the monopoly granted to the patentees is not merely to import the invention. In streamlining the local working requirement, especially in the field of pharmaceuticals, India is in line with its international trade obligations.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights provides flexibilities and underscores the sovereign rights of countries to weave in the ground realities of each country while honouring their international trade commitments. The Doha Declaration outlines the right of national governments to compulsorily license patents and the “freedom to determine the grounds upon which such licences are granted specified in Article 31 of TRIPS. Thus, lack of local working of the patent can be grounds for granting a compulsory licence along with other grounds such as high prices and non-supply of the patented invention locally. In doing so, the Doha Declaration allows the exercise of sovereign rights to define when exclusive rights could be curtailed to achieve a larger public interest result. Seeking local working information is part of India’s use of its sovereign rights. The state is obligated to protect the right to life of its citizens under Article 21, and this duty is heavier than any duty that the state may owe the patentees. The state should ensure that patentees perform their duties as monopoly holders. This means that the grant of patents must contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare and to a balance of rights and obligations.
Currently, Form 27 requires patentees to submit a statement “regarding the working of the patented invention on a commercial scale in India”. But as the Form is bereft of crucial details, India’s next step is not to abjure it, but to revise it in a way that the conditions subject to which the patent privilege is granted are complied with. In this regard, the Indian Patents Act Section 146 empowers the Controller to require a patentee or a licensee to furnish statements of how the invention has been commercially worked in India. It also requires the patentees and every licensee to furnish the prescribed statements regarding the invention. The Controller also has the right to publish the information received. In this regard, requiring licensees to make a full disclosure of the patent working information through Form 27 would not be considered out of the norm. The liability for non-compliance with Form 27 must be strict civil liability. India needs to appreciate that the World Trade Organisation rules do not prohibit getting information on the local working. After all, TRIPS Article 27 does not apply to this situation. The Article 27 prohibition against discrimination based on whether the goods are locally manufactured or imported applies to the grant of a patent and not to grounds for issuing a compulsory license. Further, the WTO’s jurisprudence in Canada Pharmaceuticals states that the word “discrimination” does not ban all forms of differentiation and that it refers to “results of the unjustified imposition of differentially disadvantageous treatment.”Countries like India signed up to the intellectual property bandwagon to maximise opportunities for technology transfer. Part of this exercise involves allowing local firms to compete and improve innovation, especially on life-saving pharmaceuticals. There is no wisdom in enacting patent laws that mainly enable foreign companies to import into a jurisdiction, without using it as a tool to foster scientific and technological progress at home. Thus, disclosures under Form 27 are required as part of a national strategy to improve innovation and further technology transfer into India, to maintain public health and to ensure supply of pharmaceuticals nationally.
1) According to the passage which of the following directives is/are not stated under section 83 of patent act?
a) All except iii
b) i and ii
c) ii and iii
d) only ii
e) All are mentioned
2) Which of the following is mentioned true about the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights?
a) It stated to allow local firms to compete and improve innovation
b) It stated to provide flexibilities and underscore the sovereign rights of countries
c) It stated to ensure supply of pharmaceuticals nationally.
d) It stated to determine the grounds upon which such licences are granted
e) None of these
3) Which of the following is mentioned true about the form no 27 in the passage?
a) ii and iii
b) i and iv
c) iii and iv
d) i and ii
e) All are correct
4) Which of the following is not true in the context of the passage?
a) ii and iii
b) i and iii
c) only i
d) i and ii
e) None of these
5) What does the phrase “signed up” means in the sentence – Countries like India signed up to the intellectual property bandwagon to maximise opportunities for technology transfer ?
a) To break off something
b) To commit or agree for something
c) To dilate something
d) To release out something
e) None of these
6) Which of the following has been mentioned true about Doha declaration in the passage?
a) i and ii
b) iii and iv
c) ii and iv
d) all except iii
e) all are correct
7) Which of the following is true in the context of the passage?
a) ii and iii
b) i and ii
c) i and iii
d) only ii
e) All are true
8) Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning as the word “foster” printed in bold as used in the passage.
a) Dampen
b) Endorse
c) Thwart
d) Restrain
e) Condemn
9) Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning as the word “conducive” printed in bold as used in the passage.
a) Unpropitious
b) Inexpedient
c) Hindering
d) Contributory
e) Calamitous
10) Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning of the word “abjure” printed in bold as used in the passage.
a) Retract
b) Disavow
c) Repudiate
d) Eschew
e) Emphasize
Directions (Q 11-15): In each of the following sentences there is one blank space. Below each sentence there are four words denoted by a), b), c) d) and e). Find ONE word that to be fitted in both the sentences I and II and another word that to fit in sentence III and to make it meaning fully complete.
11)
a) Compressing, scattering
b) Trampled, stampede
c) Override, bolt
d) Assisted, rush
e) Encroach, flight
12)
a) Assimilate, disfigured
b) Consume, ruined
c) Abstained, contorted
d) Imbibed, mangled
e) Ingurgitate, distorted
13)
a) Mock, enmity
b) Hamper, animosity
c) Stultified, malice
d) Suppressed, benevolence
e) Benumb, grudge
14)
a) Afflicting, spur
b) Crucified, impulse
c) Distressing, deterrent
d) Tormented, trigger
e) Solacing, catalyst
15)
a) Strayed, serenity
b) Deviating, agitation
c) Culpable, sangfroid
d) Blundering, stableness
e) Erring, poise
Direction (16-20) – In each of the following questions on phrase has been given and it has been followed by four sentences. You have to find out on which sentences phrase has been used properly according to its meaning and mark your answer from the options denoted a),b),c),d).Mark e) as your answer of you find that the phrase has been applied properly in all sentences.
16) Spark up
a) i and iii
b) ii and iv
c) i and ii
d) all except ii
e) All are correct
17) Butt in
a) ii and iv
b) i and iii
c) iii and iv
d) i and ii
e) all are correct
18) Cut down
a) i and ii
b) iii and iv
c) ii and iii
d) i and iv
e) all are correct
19) Thrash out
a) All except ii
b) iii and iv
c) i and ii
d) ii and iv
e) all are correct
20) Pare down
a) ii and iv
b) iii and iv
c) all except iii
d) i and ii
e) all are correct
Answers:
Directions (Q 1-10):
1) Correct answer – d)
It is mentioned in para 1-Thus, Section 83 of the Patents Act states that “patents are granted to encourage inventions and to secure that the inventions are worked in India on a commercial scale and to the fullest extent that is reasonably practicable” and that the monopoly granted to the patentees is not merely to import the invention.
2) Correct answer – b)
It is mentioned in para 2-The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights provides flexibilities and underscores the sovereign rights of countries
3) Correct answer – e)
It is clearly mentioned in para 1&3- In essence, Form 27 seeks information to ensure that the patented material is adequately supplied in India, The liability for non-compliance with Form 27 must be strict civil liability, Thus, disclosures under Form 27 are required as part of a national strategy to improve innovation, Form 27 requires patentees to submit a statement “regarding the working of the patented invention on a commercial scale in India.
4) Correct answer – c)
It is clearly mentioned in para 1&3-India needs to appreciate that the World Trade Organisation rules do not prohibit getting information on the local working, Patent law grants to the patentees the privilege of enjoying a limited monopoly in order to achieve the objective of public benefit, the Indian Patents Act Section 146 empowers the Controller to require a patentee or a licensee to furnish statements of how the invention has been commercially worked in India.
5) Correct answer – b)
The meaning of the phrase signed up is to commit or undertake
6) Correct answer – d)
It is clearly mentioned in para 2-The Doha Declaration outlines the right of national governments to compulsorily license patents and the “freedom to determine the grounds upon which such licences are granted specified in Article 31 of TRIPS. The Doha Declaration allows the exercise of sovereign rights to define when exclusive rights could be curtailed to achieve a larger public interest result
7) Correct answer – c)
It is clearly mentioned in para 2&3- The Controller also has the right to publish the information received, the state is obligated to protect the right to life of its citizens under Article 21, The Article 27 prohibition against discrimination based on whether the goods are locally manufactured or imported applies to the grant of a patent and not to grounds for issuing a compulsory license.
8) Correct answer – b)
The meaning of the word foster is to encourage the development of something
9) Correct answer – d)
The meaning of the word conducive is making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible.
10) Correct answer – e)
The meaning of the word abjure is to take back or renounce
Directions (Q 11-15):
11) Correct Answer is: b)
The meaning of “trampled” is to walk or run over something/someone and it is suitable for i and ii blanks and the meaning of “stampede” is headlong rush of a crowd so it is appropriate for iii blank.
12) Correct Answer is: d)
The meaning of “imbibed” is to swallow or absorb something and it is suitable for i and ii blanks and the meaning of “mangled” is spoil or mess up something so it is appropriate for iii blank.
13) Correct Answer is: c)
The meaning of “stultified” is to cause to lose enthusiasm or cause (someone) to appear foolish and it is suitable for i and ii blanks and the meaning of “malice” is the desire to harm someone; ill will so it is appropriate for iii blank
14) Correct Answer is: a)
The meaning of “afflicting” is to cause trouble to or affect adversely and it is suitable for i and ii blanks and the meaning of “spur” is encouragement or stimulation so it is appropriate for iii blank.
15) Correct Answer is: e)
The meaning of “erring” is be mistaken or incorrect and it is suitable for i and ii blanks and the meaning of “poise” is be or cause to be balanced so it is appropriate for iii blank
Direction (16-20)
16) Correct Answer is: d)
The meaning of “spark up” is to initiate some conversation or to light something and the phrase has been applied properly in i, iii and iv sentences.
17) Correct Answer is: b)
The meaning of “butt in” is to interrupt someone or something and the phrase has been applied properly in i and iii sentences.
18) Correct Answer is: c)
The meaning of “cut down” is to reduce or to humiliate, humble, etc. by criticizing sharply and the phrase has been applied properly in ii and iii sentences
19) Correct Answer is: e)
The meaning of “thrash out” is to discuss something thoroughly and solve any problems or to come to some agreement and the phrase has been applied properly in all the sentences
20) Correct Answer is: c)
The meaning of “pare down” is to cut someone down to something or trim something and the phrase has been applied properly in i, ii and iv sentences
Daily Practice Test Schedule | Good Luck
| Topic | Daily Publishing Time |
| Daily News Papers & Editorials | 8.00 AM |
| Current Affairs Quiz | 9.00 AM |
| Logical Reasoning | 10.00 AM |
| Quantitative Aptitude “20-20” | 11.00 AM |
| Vocabulary (Based on The Hindu) | 12.00 PM |
| Static GK Quiz | 1.00 PM |
| English Language “20-20” | 2.00 PM |
| Banking Awareness Quiz | 3.00 PM |
| Reasoning Puzzles & Seating | 4.00 PM |
| Daily Current Affairs Updates | 5.00 PM |
| Data Interpretation / Application Sums (Topic Wise) | 6.00 PM |
| Reasoning Ability “20-20” | 7.00 PM |
| English Language (New Pattern Questions) | 8.00 PM |
| General / Financial Awareness Quiz | 9.00 PM |
This post was last modified on August 31, 2018 5:22 pm