Dear Aspirants, Our IBPS Guide team is providing new series of English Questions for IBPS Clerk Prelims so the aspirants can practice it on a daily basis. These questions are framed by our skilled experts after understanding your needs thoroughly. Aspirants can practice these new series questions daily to familiarize with the exact exam pattern and make your preparation effective.
Directions (1-7): Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the questions.
A minute after 5 p.m. on a Friday evening, Officer Bobby White of the Gainesville, Florida, police department got a call from dispatch about a noise complaint-some teens were playing basketball. Officer White’s dash-cam video shows him pulling up outside a home in a down-and-out part of town. A teen stops playing as the officer walks towards him. “I could tell he was like, ‘Great, the cops are here. How’s this gonna go?'” says White, now 48. To put him at ease, White said, “Can you believe that someone’s calling about kids playing basketball?” Then he put his hand out for
the ball. The tentative teen gave it to him. White turned towards the basket and clanked a shot off the rim. As a playground courtesy, the teen tossed the ball back to White, who nailed his next shot. It was like signal-kids began streaming out from the home of one of the boys to join in the shoot around The video shows White and the kids laughing and shooting for 13 minutes. They even lowered the hoop so that the five-foot-ten cop could dunk the ball. As he left, he told them to have fun and asked that they watch the noise. That was that, he thought-an officer doing his job.
But that wasn’t the end of the story, the police department’s information officer, always looking to highlight the positive things his officers do, put the dash-cam tape online. Within a week, it was viewed over five million times.
_______________________, (18) started sending sporting equipment to the police department with a message: “Give these to Officer White.” But what caught White off guard was another comment he heard: “We need more cops like you.”“I know this was meant as a compliment,” White says. “But there are tons of cops ‘like me’ who go above and beyond.” To prove his point, White created the Basketball Cop Foundation. Since its inception in 2016, the foundation has supplied sports equipment to more than 50 police departments around the country so that other officers have what they need to go out on the streets and recreate the experience White gave those kids that day. White’s not naïve. He knows that the happy ending between a white cop and a bunch of minority kids is what made the video go viral. “Honestly, I wish the video wouldn’t have been popular,” he says. “I wish people would’ve looked at it and said, “That’s how I would expect that interaction to go!”
After all, he was just doing what thousands of cops should do every day.
1) What is the profession of the author mentioned in the passage?
a) Teen aged boy
b) Police officer
c) Media reporter
d) cannot be determined
e) None of the above
2) Suggest a suitable title for the passage?
a) Relation between brother and male officer (BROMANCE)
b) Supermodel
c) Basketball cop
d) Naive officer
e) None of the above
3) Which of the following can fill the blank (18) as given in the passage, to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct?
a) the video went viral and led to the arrest of the police officer
b) the video turned out to be a changing point in his life, which turned out to be a tragedy.
c) he was promoted to officer’s post immediately.
d) Suddenly, businesses and individuals touched by the officer’s compassion
e) none of the above
4) What was the possible reason behind the video getting viral, as mentioned by the author?
a) He was a good basketball player but ended up in the wrong profession of being a cop.
b) Happy ending between cop and teenage boys.
c) Technical glitch of the social media
d) Teenage boys were responsible for it.
e) None of the above
5) Explain the phrase ‘off guard’ as per mentioned in the passage?
a) Acting diligently
b) Behind the scene
c) Easily surprised
d) Discrimination
e) None of the above
6) Which of the following words is most similar in meaning as dispatch, highlighted in the given passage?
a) arrival
b) showdown
c) send
d) assault
e) none of the above
7) Which of the following words is most opposite in meaning as naive, highlighted in the given passage?
a) Clumsy
b) Inept
c) Clunky
d) Wisdom
e) None of the above
Answers :
1) Answer: B
from the passage, it is clear that this story is narrated by the police officer bobby white and hence is the author.
2) Answer: C
it is clear from the passage that the cop who also showcased his skills in basketball is mentioned in the passage, so among the given options , the answer choice becomes c.
3) Answer: D
the compassionate act of the police officer was only appreciated by others and hence it was welcomed by all , so only the positive things about the police officer is mentioned in the passage. option d, is apt choice
4) Answer: B
it is clearly mentioned in the last paragraph. ‘the happy ending between a white cop and a bunch of minority kids’
5) Answer: C
off guard means surprised
6) Answer: C
dispatch means send
7) Answer: D
naive means fresher who lacks wisdom. so the opposite becomes someone who has wisdom.
Directions (8-14): Read the following passage and answer the questions as directed. There are some blanks given in the passage. You have to find the appropriate word for the given blank and mark the corresponding option as your answer
On March 3, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres urged wealthy nations to end coal use by 2030. On March 12, Jayant Sinha, former Minister of State for Finance, submitted a private bill to the Lok Sabha which urged the Indian government to commit to a net-zero emissions target by 2050. Subsequently, a ____ (A) _____ of analysis and reports about India committing to net zero emissions surfaced. If India really intends to announce an ambition for net zero, then as a country which uses coal for more than 70 per cent of its energy, it will face ____ (B) ____challenges.
There are multiple pathways to achieve net-zero emissions; almost all of them require moving away from coal. Globally, the conversation on net-zero emissions has almost always come after or gone hand-in-hand with a coal phaseout plan. Increasingly, this phaseout plan also carries elements of a “just transition”. When it emerged from the labor movements of the 1970s, the term advocated support to workers who were forced to ___(C) ___ due to environmental and social concerns. Today, this concept incorporates elements of energy justice, climate justice and environmental justice. It recognizes that there will be broader social and economic consequences of transitioning to clean energy, and it is _____ (D) ______ that governments manage this transition in a deliberate manner to avoid replicating existing imbalances.
Most coal phaseout plans include a ____ (E) ____ for workers and communities dependent on fossil fuels. The German coal phaseout plan seeks to end coal burning by 2038 and calls for an investment of more than 50 billion euros for mining and
plant operators, impacted regions and employees. In the US, President Joe Biden has created a new Interagency Working Group on Coal and Power Plant Communities and Economic Revitalization which is supposed to deliver resources that will _____ (F) ______ the coal, oil and gas communities. Canada, too, put in place a Just Transition taskforce in 2018, when it decided to phase out coal by 2030.
In FY20, India consumed approximately 942 million tonnes (MT) of coal, 730 MT of which was produced domestically. Of this, approximately 666 MT was produced by CIL and SCCL, roughly employing about 2.24 lakh workers. This translates to about nine lakh people, based on a four-person household, who are dependent, at least partly, on coal mining. This does not include white-collar workers of CIL,
discrepancies in mine-wise data, and the fact that not all mines are run for three shifts, underground mines are highly unproductive and older legacy mines have more workers than coal mines. Using different employment factors, one study has pegged direct coal jobs at 7, 44,984, while another study pegs it at approximately 12, 00,000.
Further, these figures do not include contract employees working for mine development operators (MDOs), captive mines ____(G)____ private players, those employed in coal transportation activities — trucking, railways where coal accounts for about 40 per cent of total freight revenues — not to mention those employed in coal-consuming sectors like power, steel, sponge iron, etc. With all this, we have still only covered the formal direct and indirect jobs in the coal value chain. To borrow KuntalaLahiri-Dutt’s concept, there are two more coal economies, statecraft coal (non-legal small scale coal mines in the north east) and subsistence coal (small-scale collieries run on village commons usually bordering formal mines) for which there are no official employment figures.
8) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (A)?
A.Drip
B.Dribble
C.Torrent
D.Trickle
E.None of the above
9) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (B)?
A.Daunting
B.Assist
C.Calm
D.Embolden
E.None of the above
10) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (C)?
A.Conclusion
B.Transition
C.Stagnation
D.Rectification
E.None of the above
11) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (D)?
A.Discretionary
B.Insignificant
C.Trivial
D.Imperative
E.None of the above
12) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (E)?
A.Grave
B.Planning
C.Roadmap
D.Vogue
E.None of the above
13) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (F)?
A.Revitalize
B.Dissuade
C.Subsidize
D.Probe
E.None of the above
14) Which of the following is appropriate in the blank (G)?
A.In
B.Under
C.Below
D.Over
E.None of the above
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Answers :
8) Answer: C
Torrent
Torrent: – a strong fast flow of something, especially water
Drip, Dribble and trickle are the antonyms of torrent
9) Answer: A
Daunting
(A) Daunting: – Dismay, subdue
(B) Assist: –to help
(C) Calm: –not excited, worried or angry; quiet
(D) Embolden: –give (someone) the courage or confidence to do something.
10) Answer: B
Transition
(A) Conclusion: – an end to something
(B) Transition: – a change from one state or form to another
(C) Stagnation: – Sluggishness
(D) Rectification: – the action of putting something right.
11) Answer: D
Imperative
(A) Discretionary: – Optional
(B) Insignificant: – of little value or importance
(C) Trivial: –of little importance; not worth considering
(D) Imperative: – very important or urgent
12) Answer: C
Roadmap
(A) Grave: – Giving cause for alarm, serious
(B) Planning (adj):-to work out the details of (something) in advance
(C) Roadmap (n):- a set of instructions about how to do something
(D) Vogue: – General acceptance or favor; popularity
13) Answer: A
Revitalize
(A) Revitalize: – to make something stronger, healthier or more active
(B) Dissuade: – to persuade somebody not to do something
(C) Subsidize: – (used about a government, etc.) to give money in order to keep the cost of a service low
(D) Probe: –to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information
14) Answer: B
Under
(A) In: – (used to show place) inside or to a position inside a particular area or object
(B) Under: –in or to a position that is below something
(C) Below: – at or to a lower position or level than somebody/something
(D) Over: –straight above something, but not touching it
Directions (15-21): Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. There are some blanks given in the passage based on which some questions are framed, and some words are highlighted as well to help you answer some of the questions.
The MV Ever Given, which is longer than four football fields, has been wedged …………(A) across the Suez Canal since Tuesday, blocking it in both directions. The Suez Canal, one of the world’s busiest waterways, continued to remain blocked as a giant container ship was stuck sideways in it hindering global shipping and trade for the sixth day on Sunday.
The 400 metre (430 yard) long Ever Given, (B) which is wedged diagonally across a southern section of the canal, moved slightly as efforts underway to dislodge (1) it allowed its stern and rudder to move, the quoted (2) of the canal authority told news agency Reuters. “We expect (3) that at any time the ship could slide and move from the spot it is in,” Suez Canal Authority (SCA) chairman Osama Rabie was head (4) as saying by Reuters. He added that water had started running underneath the ship.
About 15% of world shipping traffic transits the canal (C) and hundreds of vessels are waiting to pass/ once the stoppage is cleared, the agency reported./ The MV Ever Given, which is longer than four football fields,/ has been wedged diagonally across the canal since Tuesday,/ blocking it in both directions./
Rabie on Saturday pointed to the possibility of “technical or human errors” behind the grounding of a huge container ship, which has led to a backlog of over 300 vessels, according to news agency AFP. On being asked by when the vessel may be removed, the Suez canal chief told AFP on Saturday, “We could finish today or tomorrow (Sunday), depending on the ship’s responsiveness” to tides. Dredgers removed some 20,000 tons of sand from around the ship’s bow by Friday, Reuters said and quoted a Dutch firm that is carrying out efforts to move the vessel that it could be freed by the start of next week if heavier tugboats, dredging and a high tide succeed in dislodging it.
(D) Following the logjam, over 320 ships carrying billions of dollars-worth of cargo are now stalled at either end of the vital shipping lane linking Asia to Europe, according to AFP. Rabie told the agency that Egypt is suffering a loss of some _______________ from the canal for each day it is closed.An expert cited by AFP said, “If they don’t manage to dislodge it during that high tide, the next high tide is not there for another couple of weeks, and that becomes problematic.” PlamenNatzkoff, an expert at Vessels Value added “the stakes are too high for it to take months”.
15) Which of the following word given in the options should come at the place marked as (A) in the above passage to make it grammatically correct and meaningful? Also, the word should fill in the two sentences given below to make them contextually correct and meaningful?
(I): The province is traversed ……………….. from N.E. in thickness.
(II): She turned on her heels and stumbled back to her quarters, ……………. across the hall.
A.horizontally
B.diagonally
C hedonistic
D.strikingly
E.None of these
16) The sentence given in (B) has four words given in bold amongst the given bold words which of the following must replace each other to make the sentence contextually correct and meaningful?
A.Both 2-1 and 3-4
B.Both 1-3 and 2-4
C.Both 2-3 and 1-4
D.1-3
E.2-4
17) In the above passage, the bold part marked as (C) may or may not have an error in one part of the sentence, select the part having error in it as your answer.
A.and hundreds of vessels are waiting to pass,
B.once the stoppage is cleared, the agency reported
C.The MV Ever Given, which is longer than four football fields,
D.has been wedged diagonally across the canal since Tuesday,
E.No error
18) Which of the following is the nearest antonym of the word ‘stalled’ as used in the passage?
A.insinuated
B.promulgated
C.edified
D.advanced
E.proselytize
19) Which of the following phrases should fill the blank (D) to make it contextually and grammatically correct and meaningful?
A.$12-14 million in revenue
B.revenue if the next high tide is not there
C.stakes that are too high for it to take months
D.ships if they don’t manage to dislodge
E.None of these
20) Which of the following can be the most suitable title of the given passage?
A.One of the world’s busiest waterways
B.The beauty of Suez Canal
C.6 days on, Suez Canal still blocked
D.Proposal of Suez Canal Authority (SCA) chairman Osama Rabie
E.Both B and C can form the title
21) Which of the following options is incorrect?
I) Over 3200 ships carrying billions of dollars-worth of cargo are now stalled at either end of the vital shipping lane linking Asia to Europe
II) About 15% of world shipping traffic transits the canal and hundreds of vessels are waiting to pass once the stoppage is cleared
III) Dredgers removed some 80,000 tons of sand from around the ship’s bow by Friday, Reuters said
A.Only III
B.Only I
C.Both II and III
D.Both I and III
E.Only II
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Answers :
15) Answer: B
In the given sentence, only ‘diagonally’ make it grammatically as well as contextually
correct.
Option A is incorrect as horizontally means (parallel to level ground) which does not make any sense here.
Option B is the correct alternative among the following as diagonally perfectly fits in
the blank both grammatically and contextually.
Option C is incorrect because hedonistic means engaged in the pursuit of pleasure; sensually self-indulgent.
Option D is incorrect because strikingly means in a way that attracts attention which is contextually wrong.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer choice to this question.
16) Answer: E
It said ‘it allowed its stern and rudder to move the head’ and ‘chairman Osama Rabie was quoted’ after that will be the perfect choice. So 2-4 will be the pair. So option E will be the correct choice here.
After making the replacements, the thus formed sentence is “The 400 metre (430 yard) long Ever Given, which is wedged diagonally across a southern section of the canal, moved slightly as efforts underway to dislodge it allowed its stern and rudder to move, the head of the canal authority told news agency Reuters. “We expect that at any time the ship could slide and move from the spot it is in,” Suez Canal Authority (SCA) chairman Osama Rabie was quoted as saying by Reuters. He added that water had started running underneath the ship”.
Therefore, option E is the correct answer choice to this question.
17) Answer: B
In part B ‘stoppage’ must be replaced with ‘blockage’. ‘Stoppage’ is also a noun but here it is incorrect usage in the sentence.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer choice to this question.
18) Answer: D
The word ‘stalled’ means ‘stop or cause to stop making progress.’
Option A is incorrect as the word ‘insinuate’ means to impart or suggest in an artful or indirect way.
Option B is incorrect as ‘promulgated’ means promote or make widely known (an idea or cause).
Option C is incorrect as `edified’ means instruct or improve (someone) morally or intellectually.
Option E is incorrect as ‘proselytized’ means convert or attempt to convert (someone) from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer choice to this question.
19) Answer: A
Before the blanks all the steps mentioned ‘suffering a loss of some’. So option A will be the correct choice here. After filling the blank, the correct sentence will be –“Following the logjam, over 320 ships carrying billions of dollars-worth of cargo are now stalled at either end of the vital shipping lane linking Asia to Europe, according to AFP. Rabie told the agency that Egypt is suffering a loss of some $12-14 million in revenue from the canal for each day it is closed”.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer choice to this question.
20) Answer: C
If we go through the entire passage and then read the options given in the question we can understand that only option C can be the most suitable title to the given passage.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer choice to this question.
21) Answer: D
Here if we check the facts as mentioned in the given passage we can understand that both statements I and III are incorrect. The data in the statements are erroneous.
The correct statements will be:-
I) Over 320 ships carrying billions of dollars-worth of cargo are now stalled at either end of the vital shipping lane linking Asia to Europe
III) Dredgers removed some 20,000 tons of sand from around the ship’s bow by Friday, Reuters said
Therefore, option D is the correct answer choice to this question.
Direction (22-29): A passage is given below followed by questions. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Three days into the second phase of the vaccination drive, there appears to be palpable enthusiasm among senior citizens, the focus of the exercise. About 8.4 lakh beneficiaries above 60 have been vaccinated so far as have 1.04 lakh over 45 with co-morbidities. By comparison, when the first phase began on January 16 for health-care workers — data as on January 18 showed that 3.8 lakh beneficiaries were inoculated. Thus, the uptake in the initial days of the second phase seems marginally better. The early days of vaccinations are outliers to the average experience. Well-publicized shots of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, Health Ministers and other prominent public Ministers are not always indicative of the overall public confidence in the vaccines. Similarly, reports of technical glitches in registration and the inability to register do not reflect the fact that these aspects tend to smoothen out over time and people figure out what is optimal for them. The figures from the Health Ministry suggest that so far about 12.5 million health-care and frontline workers have been vaccinated with a single shot, still quite a distance from the 30 million target announced by the government earlier this year. About a third of the health-care workers have turned up for the second shot (prescribed to be administered within four to six weeks of the first); however, of the 57.62 lakh frontline workers inoculated since February 2 (when the drive commenced for them) only 3,277 have turned up for their second dose (the slots for which opened earlier this week). Unless these numbers pick in the next few days, vaccination hesitancy will need to be addressed as a serious problem.
Doctors and nurses, who ______________health-care workers, are medically sophisticated,. They are familiar with the mechanics of dosages, immunity, and are not representative of the vast majority of India where there is confusion, misinformation and inadequate knowledge about vaccination. In these respects, the frontline workers are more similar to the 250 million-plus seniors and those above 45 than health-care workers. Therefore, the Centre must work magnitudes harder to ensure that the benefits of vaccination are communicated more broadly in the country. The other challenge is that senior citizens must mediate a technological tool — the CoWIN website — to access vaccines. The state has, thoughtfully, enabled provisions whereby medical personnel will actively reach out to groups of elderly. It is also important that the early enthusiasm must be sustained enough for people to turn up for both shots. Emerging evidence suggests that it is the second shot that plays a more important role in long-lasting protection. This month is already seeing a national uptick in fresh infections with the chances of a possible second wave on the horizon. A successful vaccination drive is critical to being prepared for it.
22) What can be the suitable title of the given passage?
A.Failure in the Vaccine Trials.
B.The Death caused by COVID 19.
C.Co Win site and its benefits.
D.Sustaining the drive: On COVID-19 vaccination phase 2.
E.Contribution of healthcare workers.
23) What does the phrase ‘on the horizon’ actually convey with reference to the given passage?
A.Causing uproar
B.Forming a group
C.Becoming imminent
D.Leading to death
E.Crossing the limits
24) Which of the following words is the near antonym of the word ‘hesitancy’ as used in the given passage?
A.Detectable
B.Moribund
C.Thrifty
D.Laudable
E.Certainty
25) Which of the following words can fit in the blank given in the passage?
A.take
B.contain
C.comprise
D.commemorate
E.grandeur
26) Which of the following statements is/are true in the context of the given passage?
I) The first phase of vaccination began on January 16 for health-care workers
II) About 8.14 lakh beneficiaries above 60 have been vaccinated so far as have 1.04 lakh over 45 with co-morbidities.
III) About a third of the health-care workers have turned up for the second shot.
A.Only III
B.Only II
C.Both I and II
D.Both I and III
E.None of them
27) Which of the following statement(s) is/are not true as per the given passage?
I) Data as on January 18 showed that 7.8 lakh beneficiaries were inoculated.
II) The young citizens must mediate a technological tool — the CoWIN website — to access vaccines.
III) The health-care workers are not medically sophisticated
A.Only II
B.Only III
C.Both I and II
D.Both I and III
E.None of them
28) What has been said by the author regarding ‘vast majority of India’ in the given passage?
A.They are completely co-operative when it comes to vaccine trials
B.They are against this vaccination drive
C.They are very supportive when it comes to vaccination of their family members
D.There is confusion, misinformation and inadequate knowledge about vaccination among them
E.Nothing has been mentioned by the author
29) Which of the following words is the near synonym of the word ‘palpable’ as used in the given passage?
A.hindrance
B.undeniable
C.culpable
D.illegible
E.unscrupulous
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Answers :
22) Answer: D
If we carefully go through the options and read between the lines we can easily understand that while all the options have a narrow scope or are not covering the complete sense of the passage in a nutshell, only option D comprises the main essence of the entire passage.
Therefore option D is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
23) Answer: C
The phrase ‘On the Horizon’ means something that is imminent or just becoming apparent.
It actually refers to a situation that has a probability to happen in the near future.
Therefore option C is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
24) Answer: E
The word ‘hesitancy’ means ‘the quality or state of being hesitant’. None of the other words are relevant and contextually or grammatically correct.
Therefore option E is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
25) Answer: C
Only the word ‘comprise’ can be used here. Other words if used in the given blank make no sense at all. The word grandeur means splendor and impressiveness, especially of appearance or style.
Therefore option C is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
26) Answer: D
If we go through the first paragraph of the given passage we can easily figure out that only statements I and III are actually correct as per the given passage. Statement II has wrong information. Instead of ‘8.14 lakh’ it should have been ‘8.4 lakh’.
Therefore option D is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
27) Answer: E
All the statements given here are incorrect and not true as per the given passage. The correct statements are as below:-
I- ‘Data as on January 18 showed that 3.8 lakh beneficiaries were inoculated.’
II- ‘Senior citizens must mediate a technological tool — the CoWIN website — to access vaccines.’
III- ‘The health-care workers, are medically sophisticated’
Therefore option E is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
28) Answer: E
The author clearly mentions that ‘The health care workers are familiar with the mechanics of dosages, immunity, and are not representative of the vast majority of India where there is confusion, misinformation and inadequate knowledge about vaccination.’
Therefore option E is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
29) Answer: B
The word ‘palpable’ actually means ‘a feeling or atmosphere so intense as to seem almost tangible’. The word ‘undeniable’ is the synonym of ‘palpable’.
Therefore option B is the correct answer choice to this particular question.
Directions (30-36): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words/phrases have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Deforestation, clearance, clear cutting, or
clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. About 31% of Earth’s land surface is covered by forests. Between 15 million to 18 million hectares of forest, an area the size of Belgium, are destroyed every year, on average 2,400 trees are cut down each minute. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines deforestation as the conversion of forest to other land uses (regardless of whether it is human-induced). “Deforestation” and “forest area net change” are not the same: the latter is the sum of all forest losses (deforestation) and all forest gains (forest expansion) in a given period. Net change, therefore, can be positive or negative, depending on whether gains exceed losses, or vice versa.
The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in habitat damage, biodiversity loss, and aridity. Deforestation causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations, as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record. Deforestation also has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increasing negative feedback cycles contributing to global warming. Global warming also puts increased (A)/pressure on communities who seek food security (B) / by clearing forests for agricultural use (C)/ and reduce arable land more
generally(D)/No error (E). Deforested regions typically incur significant other environmental effects such as adverse soil erosion and degradation into wasteland.
The resilience of human food systems and their capacity to adapt to future change depends on that very biodiversity – including dry land-adapted shrub and tree species that help combat desertification, forest-dwelling insects, bats and bird species that pollinate crops, trees with extensive root systems in mountain ecosystems that prevent soil erosion, and mangrove species that provide resilience against flooding in coastal areas. With climate change capturing (a) the risks to food systems, the role of forests in exacerbating (b) and storing carbon and increasing (c) climate change is of ever mitigating (d) importance for the agricultural sector.
According to a study published in Scientific Reports if deforestation continues in current rate in the next 20 – 40 years, it can trigger a full or almost full extinction of humanity. To avoid it humanity should pass from a civilization dominated by the economy to “cultural society” that “privileges the interest of the ecosystem above the individual interest of its components, but eventually in accordance with the overall communal interest”.
30) Which of the following is the synonym of the word INCUR used in the passage?
A.Forfeit
B.provoke
C.Dodge
D.Obviate
E.All of the above
31) Four words are given in bold. The sentence is then followed by options
with the correct combination of words that should replace each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
With climate change capturing (a) the risks to food systems, the role of forests in exacerbating (b) and storing carbon and increasing (c) climate change is of ever mitigating (d) importance for the agricultural sector.
A.a-b
B.a-c
C.a-d, b-c
D.a-b, c-d
E.All of the above
32) Read the sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer.
A.Global warming also puts increased
B.pressure on communities who seek food security
C.by clearing forests for agricultural use
D.and reduce arable land more generally
E.No error
33) Which of the following statements are not true based on the passage given.
I) Scientific Reports published that if deforestation continues at its current rate in the next 20 – 30 years, it can trigger a full or almost full extinction of humanity.
II) Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to forest use
III) Between 15 million to 18 million hectares of forest, an area the size of Belgium, are destroyed every year, on average 2,400 trees are cut down each minute.
IV) Net change can be positive or negative, depending on whether gains exceed losses, or vice versa
A.Only IV
B.Only III
C.Both I and II
D.Both I & III
E.All of the above
34) Which of the following are not the causes of deforestation according to the passage?
A.extinction
B.biodiversity loss
C.displacement of populations
D.desertification
E.All of the above
35) Which organisation defines deforestation as the conversion of forest to other land uses?
A.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
B.World health Organization
C.Indian council of medical research
D.Indian Agriculture association
E.None of the above
36) Which of the following defines all forest gains in the passage?
A.Deforestation
B.Desertification
C.Forest Expansion
D.Biodiversity loss
E.None of the above
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Answers :
30) Answer: B
Incur, provoke – suffer
Forfeit – fine, charge, penalty
Dodge- avoid
Obviate – avert, counteract
31) Answer: D
With climate change exacerbating (b) the risks to food systems, the role of forests in capturing (a) and storing carbon and mitigating (d) climate change is of ever-increasing (c) importance for the agricultural sector.
32) Answer: D
Reduce should be modified as ‘reducing’, as it will help maintain a parallel construction with ‘clearing’
Global warming also puts increased pressure on communities who seek food security by clearing forests for agricultural use and reducing arable land more generally.
33) Answer: C
As per the first paragraph;
We can find that
Options I and II are given false statements whereas options III and IV are true statements
Hence option C is answer.
34) Answer: B
Biodiversity loss is not the cause of deforestation but all other options are related to deforestation.
35) Answer: A
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines deforestation as the conversion of forest to other land uses
36) Answer: C
By first paragraph we can know that
All forest gains means forest expansion which means the area or size of forest get increased.
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